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nim-engine.r

rebol [ title: "Nim engine" purpose: "Calculate the best move in a game of NIM" author: "Sunanda" date: 1-sep-2004 version: 0.0.0 file: %nim-engine.r Library: [ level: 'intermediate platform: 'all type: [game tool] domain: [game] tested-under: 'win support: none license: 'bsd see-also: none ] history: [ [0.0.0 1-sep-2004 "written"] ] credits: {Analysis and terminology taken from "The Mathematics of Games" John D. Beasley Oxford University Press, 1989 } ] ;; -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; See documentation: ;; http://www.rebol.org/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/rebol/documentation.r?nim-engine.r ;; -------------------------------------------------------------------------- nim-engine: make object! [ ;; Game types: ;; ** Common: take last and lose ;; ** Straight: take last and win res: none ;; make available to whole nim-move object piles-copy: none ;; caller's original piles player-names: none ;; name of the two players test-trace: none ;; test driver output game-types: ["common" "lose if you take the last counter" "straight" "win if you take the last counter" ] ;; ===== move: func [ ;; ===== game-type [string!] "Common or Straight" piles [block!] "1 or more piles" /names names-block [block!] ;; [this player + other player] /local cp ;; count of piles temp ][ if 0 = length? piles [make error! "nim-move: need at least 1 pile"] if not any [ game-type = "common" game-type = "straight" ] [make error! "nim-move: game type must be common or straight"] if all [names 2 <> length? names-block] [make error! "nim-move: name refinement -- 2 names needed"] either names [player-names: copy names-block] [player-names: copy ["nim-engine" "human"]] res: make object! [game-type: none game-over?: false winner?: none move: none piles: copy [] winning?: none ] res/game-type: game-type ;; Make the piles make sense ;; ------------------------- ;; * Set any negative ones to ;; zero ;; * Make sure they are all ;; * integers (reduce [2 ** 5] ;; would be a decimal, and ;; that breaks the find in ;; check-for-win res/piles: copy [] foreach p piles [append res/piles maximum 0 to-integer p] ;; ------------------------------------------------ ;; Check for game over already (all piles are zero) ;; ------------------------------------------------ if all [res/piles/1 = 0 (skip res/piles 1) = copy/part res/piles -1 + length? res/piles ] [ res/game-over?: true res/winner?: either res/game-type = "common" [player-names/1] [player-names/2] res/winning?: res/winner? return res ] ;; ------------------------ ;; check for common end game ;; ------------------------- if all[game-type = "common" common-end-game-reached? ] [ make-common-end-game-move check-for-win return res ] ;; ---------------------- ;; Handle all other cases ;; ---------------------- ;; This is for all straight ;; games, and non-end game ;; common games cp: find-balance piles res/winning?: cp <> 0 either res/winning? [make-winning-move cp] [make-random-move] check-for-win return res ] ;; ============== check-for-win: func [ ;; ============== /local target-size ][ if pair? res/move [ target-size: pick res/piles res/move/1 res/move/1: random-entry res/piles target-size poke res/piles res/move/1 (pick res/piles res/move/1) - res/move/2 ] ;; Check for game over ;; ------------------- if all [res/piles/1 = 0 (skip res/piles 1) = copy/part res/piles -1 + length? res/piles ] [ res/game-over?: true res/winner?: either res/game-type = "common" [player-names/2] [player-names/1] res/winning?: res/winner? ] return true ] ;; ============= random-entry: func [piles [block!] target [integer!] ;; ============= /local target-positions ][ ;; ------------------------- ;; We've got a set of piles, ;; eg: ;; [1 3 0 0 11 3 7 5 9] ;; and a target, eg: ;; 6 ;; ;; We now want to return the ;; index of a pile with at ;; least 6 counters in it -- ;; eg ;; 5 or 7 or 9 ;; in the example target-positions: copy [] repeat n length? piles [if piles/:n = target [append target-positions n] ] return random/secure/only target-positions ] ;; ============ find-balance: func [piles [block!] ;; ============ /local bal ][ bal: 0 foreach p piles [bal: xor bal p] return bal ] ;; ========================= common-end-game-reached?: func [ ;; ========================= /local count ][ ;; The end game is when either: ;; * all non-empty piles have 1 counter; or ;; * all non-empty piles but 1 have 1 counter. ;; eg: ;; [1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 ] ;; all have 1 counter ;; [1 1 0 1 0 0 88] ;; all but 1 have one counter count: 0 foreach p res/piles [ if p > 1 [count: count + 1] ] return any [count = 0 count = 1] ] ;; ========================== make-common-end-game-move: func [ ;; ========================== /local pi move take piles-count ][ ;; ================================ ;; Precisely one non-zero pile has ;; one or more counters. ;; And it is a common game ;; ================================ ;; ;; We have a win if: ;; a) we can reduce the piles to an ;; odd number, all with 1 in them piles-count: 0 foreach p res/piles [if p <> 0 [piles-count: piles-count + 1] ] if 0 = (piles-count // 2) [ ;; even piles: reduce the largest to zero ;; -------------------------------------- move: index? find res/piles max-element res/piles take: res/piles/:move res/move: to-pair reduce [move take] res/winning?: player-names/1 return true ] ;; Deal with odd number of piles ;; ------------------------------ if 1 <> max-element res/piles [ res/winning?: player-names/1 move: index? find res/piles max-element res/piles take: res/piles/:move - 1 res/move: to-pair reduce [move take] return true ] ;; ----------------------- ;; We're losing: and all ;; piles have one in them, ;; except the empty piles ;; ----------------------- res/winning?: player-names/2 take: 1 move: index? find res/piles take res/move: to-pair reduce [move take] return true ] ;; ================== make-winning-move: func [cp [integer!] ;; ================== /local h-un target-pile piles-reduced move take h-un-rem ][ ;; cp contains the binary of the highest unbalanced ;; pile contents, eg ;; cp: 12 = 8 + 4 ;; therefore the 8s and the 4s are unbalanced -- ;; perhaps the original piles were: ;; [17 24 8 12 8 4] = [16+1 16+8 8 8+4 4+1] ;; set h-un to the bit value of the ;; highest unbalance number target-pile: find-highest-unbalanced-pile cp res/piles ;; Now, ignore that pile ;; --------------------- piles-reduced: copy res/piles alter piles-reduced target-pile ;; Now find highest unbalanced of what remains ;; ------------------------------------------- h-un-rem: find-balance piles-reduced piles-reduced move: index? find res/piles target-pile take: res/piles/:move - h-un-rem res/winning?: player-names/1 res/move: to-pair reduce [move take] return true ] ;; ============================= find-highest-unbalanced-pile: func [cp [integer!] piles [block!] ;; ============================= /local h-un ][ if cp = 0 [return 0] h-un: to integer! 2 ** (to integer! log-2 cp) foreach p sort/reverse copy piles [ if 0 <> and h-un p [return p] ] return 0 ;; there isn't one ] ;; ================= make-random-move: func [ ;; ================= /local move take ][ ;; ------------------------------------------- ;; We're losing, so do something impressive: ;; Ideally, do not remove a pile completely -- ;; that simplifies the game too much. ;; ;; And remember to ignore the empty piles ;; ------------------------------------------- ;; attempt to find a random pile with 2 or more counters ;; ----------------------------------------------------- take: 0 foreach p random/secure copy res/piles [if p > 1 [take: p break]] if take = 0 [take: 1] ;; have to play a one move: index? find res/piles take ;; find the first pile of that size If take > 3 [take: take - 1] ;; avoid taking them all take: random/secure take res/move: to-pair reduce [move take] res/winning?: player-names/2 return true ] ;; ========== max-element: func [blk [block!] ;; ========== ][ ;; maximim-of is useless for our purposes ;; as it can return a block, eg: ;; maximum-of [1 1 9 9 9] ;; returns [9 9 9] return first maximum-of blk ] ;; =========== test-driver: func [ ;; =========== /local games-played moves-made piles game-type res winning? win-names diff-piles temp ;; ------------------------- ;; Runs 1000s of games and ;; checks that the results ;; are right...or at least ;; credible. ;; ------------------------ ][ win-names: ["human" "nim-engine" "human"] games-played: 0 moves-made: 0 forever [test-trace: copy [] games-played: games-played + 1 piles: copy [] loop 5 + random/secure 5 [append piles random/secure 20] game-type: random/secure/only ["common" "straight"] ;; get who is supposed to be winning ;; --------------------------------- res: move game-type piles winning?: select win-names res/winning? forever [ moves-made: moves-made + 1 res: move game-type piles append test-trace res if not find win-names res/winning? [print "bad winner name" halt] if res/game-over? [break] if res/winning? = winning? [print ["didn't rotate winner names" mold res] halt] ;; exactly 1 pile should be different ;; ---------------------------------- diff-piles: copy [] diff-all: copy [] if (length? piles) <> length? res/piles [print "bad pile length" halt] repeat n length? piles [ if res/piles/:n < 0 [print ["result is negative!!" mold res] halt] if (temp: piles/:n - res/piles/:n ) <> 0 [append diff-piles temp] append diff-all temp ] if 1 <> length? diff-piles [print ["piles are wrong" mold piles "--" mold res "--" mold diff-piles mold diff-all] halt] if diff-piles/1 < 1 [print ["changed result is negative!!" mold piles "-" mold res "--" mold diff-piles mold diff-all] halt] piles: copy res/piles winning?: copy res/winning? ] ;; forever if 0 = (games-played // 100) [ print [now/precise "Played:" games-played "Total moves:" moves-made "Average:" moves-made / games-played] ] ] ;; forever ] ;; ========= play-game: func [ ;; ========= /type game-type /opponent-starts /position starting-position [block!] /local piles res human-move ][ if not type [game-type: "common"] print "Enter moves as a pair!" print "eg 3x7 means take from pile 3. The number of counters taken is 7" forever [ piles: copy [] either position [piles: copy starting-position] [loop 2 + random/secure 3 [append piles random/secure 8]] loop 2 [print ""] print [" game type:" game-type " ... " select game-types game-type] loop 2 [print ""] print [" starting position:" mold piles] if opponent-starts [ res: move game-type piles print [" nim-engine:" res/move mold res/piles] piles: res/piles ] forever [ until [human-move: ask "Your move? " human-move: load human-move either all [pair? human-move human-move/1 > 0 human-move/1 <= length? piles human-move/2 > 0 human-move/2 <= pick piles human-move/1 ] [true] [print "----Oops: not possible to do that. Please try again----" false] ] poke piles human-move/1 (pick piles human-move/1) - human-move/2 print ["You moved:" mold piles] print "" print "-----------------Thinking------------" wait (.01 * random/secure 50) print "" res: move game-type piles print [" nim-engine moves: " res/move] print [" position now: " mold res/piles] piles: res/piles if res/game-over? [print "Game over!!" print ["Winner: " res/winner?] break ] ] ;; forever if not (trim/lines ask "play-again? (y for yes) ") = "y" [break] ] ;; foever ] ] ;; nim-engine object
halt ;; to terminate script if DO'ne from webpage
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